Reducing requested field data cache size of to the maximum allowed size of – How to solve related issues

Overview

Elasticsearch uses three types of caches to improve the efficiency of operation.  

• Node request cache
• Shard data cache
• Field data cache

How they work

Node request cache maintains the results of queries used in a filter context. The results are evicted on a least recently used basis.

Shard data cache maintains the results of frequently used queries where size=0, particularly the results of aggregations.  This cache is particularly relevant for logging use cases where data is not updated on old indices, and regular aggregations can be kept in cache to be reused.

The field data cache is used for sorting and aggregations. To keep these operations quick Elasticsearch loads these values into memory.   

Examples

Elasticsearch usually manages cache behind the scenes, without the need for any specific settings. However, it is possible to monitor and limit the amount of memory being used on each node for a given cache type by putting the following in elasticsearch.yml :

indices.queries.cache.size: 10%

indices.fielddata.cache.size: 30%

Note, the above values are in fact the defaults, and there is no need to set them specifically. The default values are good for most use cases, and should rarely be modified.
You can monitor the use of caches on each node like this:

GET /_nodes/stats/indices/fielddata

GET /_nodes/stats/indices/query_cache

GET /_nodes/stats/indices/request_cache

Notes and good things to know

Construct your queries with reusable filters. There are certain parts of your query which are good candidates to be reused across a large number of queries, and you should design your queries with this in mind. Anything thing that does not need to be scored should go in the filter section of a bool query. For example, time ranges, language selectors, or clauses that exclude inactive documents are all likely to be excluded in a large number of queries, and should be included in filter parts of the query so that they can be cached and reused. 

In particular, take care with time filters. “now-15m” cannot be reused, because “now” will continually change as the time window moves on. On the other hand “now-15/m” will round to the nearest minute, and can be re-used (via cache) for 60 seconds before rolling over to the next minute.

For example when a user enters the search term “brexit”, we may want to also filter on language and time period to return relevant articles. The query below leaves only the query term “brexit” in the “must” part of the query, because this is the only part which should affect the relevance score. The time filter and language filter can be reused time and time again for new queries for different searches.

POST results/_search
{
  "query": {
	"bool": {
  	"must": [
    	{
      	"match": {
        	"message": {
          	"query": "brexit"
        	}
      	}
    	}
  	],
  	"filter": [
    	{
      	"range": {
        	"@timestamp": {
          	"gte": "now-10d/d"
          	        	}
      	}
    	},
    	{
      	"term": {
        	"lang.keyword": {
          	"value": "en",
          	"boost": 1
        	}
      	}
    	}
  	]
	}
  }
}

Limit the use of field data. Be careful about using fielddata=true in your mapping where the number of terms will result in a high cardinality.  If you must use fielddata=true, you can also reduce the requirement of fielddata cache by limiting the requirements for fielddata for a given index using a field data frequency filter.

POST results/_search
{
  "query": {
	"bool": {
  	"must": [
    	{
      	"match": {
        	"message": {
          	"query": "brexit"
        	}
      	}
    	}
  	],
  	"filter": [
    	{
      	"range": {
        	"@timestamp": {
          	"gte": "now-10d/d"
          	        	}
      	}
    	},
    	{
      	"term": {
        	"lang.keyword": {
          	"value": "en",
          	"boost": 1
        	}
      	}
    	}
  	]
	}
  }
}

Overview

In Elasticsearch the term fielddata is relevant when sorting and doing aggregations (similar to SQL GROUP BY COUNT and AVERAGE functions) on text fields.  

For performance reasons, there are some rules as to the kinds of fields that can be aggregated. You can group by any numeric field but for text fields, which have to be of keyword type or have fielddata=true since they don’t support doc_values (Doc values are the on-disk inverted index data structure, built at document indexing time, which makes aggregations possible). 

Fielddata is an in-memory data structure used by text fields for the same purpose. Since it uses a lot of heap size it is disabled by default.

Examples

The following PUT mapping API call will enable Fielddata on my_field text field.

PUT my_index/_mapping{"properties":{"my_field":{"type":"text","fielddata":true}}}

Notes

• As field-data is disabled by default on text fields, in case of an attempt to aggregate on a text field with field-data disabled, you would get the following error message:
  “Fielddata is disabled on text fields by default. Set `fielddata=true` on [`your_field_name`] in order to load field data in memory by uninverting the inverted index. Note that this can however, use “significant memory.” – if this happens you can either enable the field-data on that text field, or choose another way to query the data (again, because field-data consumes a lot of memory and is not recommended).

Index and indexing in Elasticsearch - 3 min

Overview

In Elasticsearch, an index (plural: indices) contains a schema and can have one or more shards and replicas. An Elasticsearch index is divided into shards and each shard is an instance of a Lucene index.

Indices are used to store the documents in dedicated data structures corresponding to the data type of fields. For example, text fields are stored inside an inverted index whereas numeric and geo fields are stored inside BKD trees.

Examples

Create index

The following example is based on Elasticsearch version 5.x onwards. An index with two shards, each having one replica will be created with the name test_index1

PUT /test_index1?pretty
{
    "settings" : {
        "number_of_shards" : 2,
        "number_of_replicas" : 1
    },
    "mappings" : {
        "properties" : {
            "tags" : { "type" : "keyword" },
            "updated_at" : { "type" : "date" }
        }
    }
}

List indices

All the index names and their basic information can be retrieved using the following command:

GET _cat/indices?v

Index a document

Let’s add a document in the index with the command below:

PUT test_index1/_doc/1
{
  "tags": [
    "opster",
    "elasticsearch"
  ],
  "date": "01-01-2020"
}

Query an index

GET test_index1/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

Query multiple indices

It is possible to search multiple indices with a single request. If it is a raw HTTP request, index names should be sent in comma-separated format, as shown in the example below, and in the case of a query via a programming language client such as python or Java, index names are to be sent in a list format.

GET test_index1,test_index2/_search

Delete indices

DELETE test_index1

Common problems

DELETE /*

action.destructive_requires_name: true